Development and multi-institutional validation of a deep learning model for grading of vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrogram: a retrospective multicenter study

“Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the gold standard for the diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, VUR grading from voiding cystourethrograms is highly subjective with low reliability."

"This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to improve reliability for VUR grading on VCUG and compare its performance to that of clinicians.”